Conjunctions

CONJUNCTIONS

What is conjunction?

CONJUNCTION is a part of speech that connects words, sentences, phrases, or clauses. 

                          

KINDS OF CONJUNCTIONS

 Different kinds of conjunctions join different kinds of grammatical structures. So, let us learn more about conjunctions by recognizing the different kinds of it. 

There are four kinds of conjunctions:

1. Coordinating Conjunctions

                              2. Subordinating Conjunctions                           

3. Correlative Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.

It’s a good idea to use the mnemonic FANBOYS to memorize coordinating conjunctions so you’ll never forget them. They are:

• F = for
• A = and
• N = nor
• B = but
• O = or
• Y = yet
• S = so

Example sentences:

1. I hate to waste a drop of gas, for it is very expensive these days.
2.  His two favorite sports are football and tennis.
3. Bill refuses to eat peas, nor will he touch carrots.
4. My dog enjoys being bathed but hates getting his nails trimmed.
5. You can eat your cake with a spoon or fork.
6. I am allergic to cats, yet I have three of them.
7. I am a vegetarian, so I don’t eat any meat. 

Subordinating conjunctions are parts of speech that join dependent clauses to independent clauses; important words and phrases may also introduce adverb clauses.


The most common subordinating conjunctions in the English language: 

Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though	if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that	though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

• The words above inside the box, they are introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
• These conjunctions glue dependent adverb clauses to independent clauses.

Dependent Adverb Clauses

unless you are allergic

whenever I see your cat

since you are coming

A dependent  adverb clause is a group of words with subject and adverb that function as a single adverb.Since they cannot stand alone , they are subordinate clauses.

Independent Clauses

I will bring my cat.

I sneeze.

I won't bring my cat.

An independent clause is also a group of words with a subject and a verb.But, unlike a subordinate clause, an independent clause can stand alone.

Subordinating conjunctions: Joining subordinate clause with independent clause.

I will bring my cat unless you are allergic.

Whenever I see your cat, I sneeze.

Since you are coming, I won't bring my cat.

Punctuation Note:

When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses. When the independent clause is placed first and the dependent clause second,  do not separate the two clauses with a comma. As we are talking about joining dependent clause to independent clause. Let us include the conjunctive adverbs which these conjunctions join independent clauses together. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs: after all in addition next also incidentally nonetheless as a result indeed on the contrary besides in fact on the other hand consequently in other words otherwise finally instead still for example likewise then furthermore meanwhile therefore hence moreover thus however nevertheless

Examples: 

The tire was flat; therefore, we called a service station.

It was a hot day; nevertheless, the roofers worked on the project all day.

Correlative Conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence.

There are many different pairs of correlative conjunctions and require equal (parallel) structures after each one.

either...or                          whether...or                   as much...as

not only...but (also)          just as...so                     no sooner...than

neither...nor                       the...the                        rather...than 

both...and                           as...as

Example sentences:

1. You either do your work or prepare for a trip to the office. 
2. He is not only handsome, but also brilliant. 
3. Neither the basketball team nor the football team is doing well.
4. Both the cross country team and the swimming team are doing well.
5. You must decide whether you stay or you go.
6. The more you practice dribbling, the better you will be at it.
7. Football is as fast as hockey.
8. No sooner did she learn to ski, than the snow began to thaw.
9. I would rather swim than surf.